---------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Florida SunFlash Sun Managers Frequently Asked Questions SunFLASH Vol 51 #25 March 1993 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- This article is from the Sun-Managers mailing list. -johnj ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: John DiMarco To: sun-managers@eecs.nwu.edu Date: Wed, 17 Mar 1993 00:30:37 -0500 Sun-Managers' Frequently Asked Questions Last update: March 8, 1993 This is collection of common questions posted to the sun-managers mailing list twice a month. It is intended to benefit Sun System Managers and reduce traffic to the list by providing quick answers to common problems. Keeping with the style of a similar FAQ for comp.windows.x, questions marked with a '+' indicate questions new to this issue; those with significant changes of content since the last issue are marked by '*' The current FAQ maintainer is John DiMarco (jdd@cdf.toronto.edu). However, all corrections/submissions should be sent to "sun-managers-faq@eecs.nwu.edu". Questions 1) How do I read, join, post to, or remove myself from the sun-managers mailing list? 2) Are there any archives for the sun-managers list? 3) How do I find out what patches are available from Sun? 4) What is "anonymous ftp" and how do I use it? 5) How do I find anonymous ftp sites? 6) How do I set up NIS/YP to use DNS? 7) How do I use DNS instead of NIS for hostname resolution? 8) Can I run both OpenWindows and MIT X11R4/R5? 9) What is the format.dat entry for drive X? 10) What does "NFS write error X" mean? 11) Can I use a disk greater than 700meg? 12) What does the "nres_gethostbyaddr !=" error mean? 13) How do I move disks from xy451 to xy753/7053 disk controllers? 14) How come yppasswdd does not automatically update the yp maps? 15) What does NFS getattr failed/RPC: Authentication error mean? 16) How come my mouse doesn't work sometimes? 17) How come my internal 105 megabyte hard disk stopped working? 18) Can I replace the 105 megabyte internal drive in a SS1/1+ with a higher capacity model? 19) How do I enable synchronous SCSI? 20) How do I set up anonymous ftp on my machine? 21) How do I tell what caused my machine to crash? 22) What can I do if my machine slows to a crawl or hangs? 23) How can I turn my Sun3 into an X-Terminal? 24) Where can I get a version of ftp that does logging? 25) How do I make the numeric keypad on a type 5 keyboard work with xterm? 26) How do I swap the CAPS LOCK and CONTROL keys on a type 5 keyboard under Openwindows 3.0? 27) Which Sun models run which version of SunOS? 28) How do I find out how much physical memory a given machine has? 29) My rdump is failing with a "Protocol botched" message. What do I do? 30) + How do I find out what my machine's memory is being used for? How can I tell if I need more memory? Answers 1) How do I read, join, post to, or remove myself from the sun-managers mailing list? To have your mailing address added to or removed from the mailing list, send a request to "sun-managers-request@eecs.nwu.edu". The request should contain simply one line which says either "add" or "remove". If you wish to send a message to the sun-managers list, it is strongly recommended that you first read the list's policy statement. This statement is sent to the entire list on the first and 16th of every month. It is also sent out to every new subscriber and is available via anonymous FTP (see question 4) from "ra.mcs.anl.gov" in the file "/sun-managers/policy". The policy statement includes instructions for sending a message to the entire list. The latest version of the FAQ list (this file) is also available on "ra.mcs.anl.gov" in the file "/sun-managers/faq". 2) Are there any archives for the sun-managers list? The site "aurora.latech.edu" archives every summary sent to the list. Questions are not archived. This site provides access to its archives via the WAIS and gopher protocols. It does NOT provide any anonymous FTP access. WAIS is the Wide Area Information Server, an experimental system that provides for automatic search and retrieval of many types of electronic information. Source for Unix WAIS clients can be obtained via anonymous FTP from think.com in the directory "/wais". A WAIS "source" entry for the sun-managers WAIS information server is available via anonymous FTP from "ra.mcs.anl.gov" in the file "/sun-managers/sun-managers.src". Gopher is a distributed document delivery service which allows even a neophyte user access to a wide variety of information. If your system already has a gopher client installed, you can access the sun-managers gopher by simply typing "gopher aurora.latech.edu". Source for Unix gopher clients can be obtained via anonymous FTP from "boombox.micro.umn.edu" in the directory "/pub/gopher/Unix". 3) How do I find out what patches are available from Sun? If you have a software service agreement with Sun, you can call the Sun patch database system at 1-800-477-4768. You can search for patches and have them mailed to you. Many anonymous ftp sites have partial collections of patches. The archie service can be consulted. See the answer to question 5 below. WARNING: if you ftp patches from an ftp site, you are trusting whomever put them there. To be absolutely safe, get your patches from a trusted source. Sun makes available certain security patches for anonymous ftp on ftp.uu.net, in the directory /systems/sun/sun-dist. CERT and Sun often publishes the checksums of security patches. You can use the UNIX "sum" command to verify the identity of patches retrieved from ftp sites. Alain Brossard (brossard@sic.epfl.ch) keeps a partial archive of patches available for anonymous ftp on sasun1.epfl.ch in the directory /pub/sun-patches. A list of patches is found in /pub/sun-patch-list. Note that sasun1.epfl.ch is in Switzerland, so non-Europeans should find a local site first, if possible. The Sun User Group (SUG) CD ROM also has a collection of Sun patches. 4) What is "anonymous ftp" and how do I use it? Anonymous ftp is a way to provide restricted access to a host for the Internet community at large. You typically use ftp to connect to a host and enter "anonymous" (possibly "ftp" or "guest") for the user name and your "real" user name for the password. Do not type your real password at any time, as it is common to log all anonymous transactions and your password would be visible on the remote system. When transferring files, make sure you have "binary" or "image" mode set for transferring binary (non-ascii) files. This is true in the most common cases, such as compressed files or tar archives. In some rare cases, you might need "tenex" mode. Read the manual page for 'ftp'. 5) How do I find anonymous ftp sites? There are a number of well known ftp sites, such as "ftp.uu.net" (137.39.1.2) and "gatekeeper.dec.com" (16.1.0.2), you usually find out about these from newsgroups, mailing lists or word of mouth. There is an internet service that allows you to search for ftp sites that might have some file you're looking for. Telnet to one of the following machines, using the login "archie": archie.rutgers.edu 128.6.18.15 (Rutgers University) archie.unl.edu 129.93.1.14 (University of Nebraska in Lincoln) archie.sura.net 128.167.254.179 (SURAnet archie server) archie.ans.net 147.225.1.2 (ANS archie server) archie.au 139.130.4.6 (Australian server) archie.funet.fi 128.214.6.100 (European server in Finland) archie.doc.ic.ac.uk 146.169.11.3 (UK/England server) archie.cs.huji.ac.il 132.65.6.15 (Israel server) archie.wide.ad.jp 133.4.3.6 (Japanese server) 6) How do I set up NIS/YP to use DNS? Under SunOS 4.1.x, there is a "#B=" at the top of /var/yp/Makefile, uncomment and change this to "B=-b" and setup NIS in the usual fashion. Under 4.0.x, edit the Makefile or apply the following "diff": *** Makefile.orig Wed Jan 10 13:22:11 1990 --- Makefile Wed Jan 10 13:22:01 1990 *************** *** 63 **** ! | $(MAKEDBM) - $(YPDBDIR)/$(DOM)/hosts.byname; \ --- 63 ---- ! | $(MAKEDBM) -b - $(YPDBDIR)/$(DOM)/hosts.byname; \ *************** *** 66 **** ! | $(MAKEDBM) - $(YPDBDIR)/$(DOM)/hosts.byaddr; \ --- 66 ---- ! | $(MAKEDBM) -b - $(YPDBDIR)/$(DOM)/hosts.byaddr; \ 7) How do I use DNS instead of NIS for hostname resolution? The "normal" behavior of a hostname lookup under NIS is to consult the NIS hosts map and then DNS (if configured). You can change this so all hostname lookups go directly to DNS. The SunOS shared library mechanism allows you change the behavior of any command that is dynamically linked to the shared library. In SunOS 4.1 and greater releases, there is an optional package called "shlib custom" that contains a kit for rebuilding shared libraries. You can select this in suninstall or load it later. It will put the files in /usr/lib/shlib.etc. Note that machines that come with pre-installed SunOS don't include this. It contains both a "normal" and System V version of libc and some tools to build shared libraries. The Sun-supplied README file gives some help, but doesn't detail how to change the hostname lookup functions. The complete procedure for this is spelled out in "bindon41.shar", which is available for anonymous ftp from "ra.mcs.anl.gov" in "/pub" - it goes one step further and replaces the Sun resolver routines with BIND 4.8.3 versions. Note that you can still use NIS for other things in environment, such as passwd, group info, etc - the NIS hosts map is just ignored. There are several important statically linked binaries that will break if you replace the Sun routines. "/etc/mount" is probably where you will first notice that it doesn't know about any host that is not present in /etc/hosts. The same goes for "rcp". My solution was to recompile mount and rcp with the new resolver routines, but you need source code to do this. Sun apparently will give you a dynamically-linked version of mount if you have software maintenance. You can compile your own version of rcp from the Berkeley 4.3 source that is available on various ftp site. Otherwise, you might just have to have all hosts (and aliases) in /etc/hosts that you want to mount or use Internet addresses (yuck). Another "feature" of a DNS-only environment is that hostnames will sometimes be returned all in uppercase and these will not match the lower-case entries you typically have in /etc/exports, /etc/bootparams, etc. There are some patches to BIND 4.8.3 called "resolv+" that allow you to specify hostname lookups to /etc/hosts only, DNS only or both. bind 4.8.3 is on ucbarpa.berkeley.edu (128.32.130.11) in /4.3 resolv+ is on schizo.samsung.com (134.228.1.2) in /pub/usenet-archives/alt.sources/283[12].Z 8) Can I run both OpenWindows and MIT X11R4/X11R5? The shared libraries for OpenWindows have different version numbers than the MIT versions. MIT executables will try to use the OpenWindows libraries and OpenWindows executables will complain about version mismatches. You can toggle between the two environments by setting your $path and LD_LIBRARY_PATH variables. Assuming you installed the MIT executables in /usr/bin/X11, the MIT libraries in /usr/lib and the OpenWindows libraries are in /usr/openwin/lib, set the following before you start the windowing system: MIT X11R4/R5 environment set path = (/usr/bin/X11 $path) setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/lib (Actually, for libraries in /usr/lib, /usr/5lib, or /usr/local/lib, the LD_LIBRARY_PATH is not strictly necessary.) Sun OpenWindows set path = (/usr/openwin/bin /usr/openwin/demo $path) setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/openwin/lib You can also run clients from one environment under a different server on a one command at a time basis. This example runs a OpenWindows client under the MIT server: (setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/openwin/lib; x_soundtool) It is possible to run OpenWindows 3.0 and MIT X11R5 simultaneously without having to toggle LD_LIBRARY_PATH as above, by putting the X11R5 libraries before the openwindows libraries in LD_LIBRARY_PATH, and the X11R5 binaries before the openwindows binaries in PATH, as follows: setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/lib/X11:$OPENWINHOME/lib setenv path (/usr/bin/X11 $OPENWINHOME/bin $path) Setting LD_LIBRARY_PATH can be avoided altogether if the superuser links all the openwin 3.0 and X11R5 libraries into /usr/local/lib as follows: ln -s $OPENWINHOME/lib/lib*.s[oa]* /usr/local/lib ln -s /usr/lib/X11/lib*.s[oa]* /usr/local/lib /etc/ldconfig To use the X11R5 xdm with the openwin 3.0 Xnews server, modify the Xservers file (eg. /usr/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers) to say something like the following: :0 local $OPENWINHOME/lib/xdm/StartOW -nosunview \ -fp /usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc,$OPENWINHOME/lib/fonts,/usr/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi Change the options or font path if necesary. Note that sun patch 100452-25 or later should be installed, to prevent the Xnews server from consuming more and more memory as time passes. (Thanks to Margarita Suarez for the last three suggestions) OpenWindows 3.0 includes most of the MIT X11 libraries and header files. Most MIT X11 Applications can be compiled and run under OpenWindows 3.0 without change. The OpenWindows server has the ability to display PostScript that several of the OpenWindows applications require to run. Sun's AnswerBook is an example that requires PostScript. These clients will not run under the MIT server. You can get a limited PostScript preview capability under either server with GNU Ghostscript, a GNU "copyleft" package available from various ftp sites. Two enhanced versions of Ghostscript are also available, GSPreview and Ghostview, they both offer fancier preview capabilities. These programs are currently available via anonymous ftp: Ghostscript and Ghostview are on prep.ai.mit.edu (18.71.0.38) in /pub/gnu. GSPreview is on export.lcs.mit.edu (18.24.0.12) in /contrib 9) What is the format.dat entry for drive X? This is a tough one. The answer can vary according to what OS you are running, the architecture of your machine or the type of SCSI/SMD/IPI controller you are using. Opinions also vary on how to format once you have all the information you need. If you are buying a Sun supported drive, you will likely find an entry for it in "/etc/format.dat". On third party drives, you should inquire with the vendor you bought it from. If you are on your own, try to get hold of the manufacturer's OEM manual for your drive model. You might be able to derive enough information from the manual to make up your own entry. Some drives has numerous jumper and dip switch settings and may be described in terms you are not familiar with. You are probably better off posting to a list (such as sun-managers!) for help. Some drive manufacturers run "bulletin boards" with drive information on them. The ones I've seen are biased towards PC drives, but most of the information is still relevant. Fujitsu America BBS 408 944 9899 Seagate Tech BBS 408 438 8771 Maxtor BBS 303 678 2222 Micropolis BBS 818 709 3310 It is also possible to contact drive manufacturers by telephone. Some relevant numbers in the U.S. are: Fujitsu 800-626-4686 Hitachi 800-HIT-ACHI Maxtor 800-2MA-XTOR Micropolis 800-395-3748 Seagate 800-468-3472 Quantum 408-894-4000 A format.dat file containing entries submitted by various people is available for anonymous ftp from ra.mcs.anl.gov in /sun-managers/format.dat. It is currently maintained by John DiMarco (jdd@cdf.toronto.edu). New entries (especially vendor-suggested ones) are welcome; mail them to sun-managers-format@eecs.nwu.edu 10) What does "NFS write error X" mean? You can lookup the error codes in /usr/include/sys/errno.h. Two common ones are 13, which is "permission denied" and 70 "stale file handle". 13 is probably coming from an incorrect /etc/exports entry. 70 will occur when a fileserver goes down for some reason. You can usually get rid of the error by unmounting and remounting the filesystem in question. Under SunOS 4.1, you can run "showfhd" to translate the NFS "file handle" given in the error message into a Unix pathname. Beware that showfhd does a "find" on your server to get the filename. "man 2 intro" will give you some more general information on what error codes could mean. 11) Can I use a disk greater than 700meg? Yes, Sun has recently introduced a 1.3 gigabyte drive or you can choose from a variety of the third party drives. The SPARCstation SCSI drivers in SunOS 4.1.1 or earlier use SCSI group 0 commands. This command set only has 21 bits of storage for the block number. This means you can have 2^21-1 or 2097151 as the largest block number understood by the SCSI driver. The fix is to use SCSI group 1 commands, where you have 31 bits for block numbers. The newer Sun SCSI drivers (SCSA) use group 1 commands, but require a patch to work properly. The patch for a Sun4c running SunOS 4.1.1 is 100343-04 or later. This includes a new format.dat for the Sun 1.3 gig drive. The patch will come with the drive if you order it from Sun or you can get it from the Sun patch database mentioned in question 3. You can use 1.2 gigabyte drives with the current driver, but you "waste" several megabytes (i.e. no big deal). The Fujitsu M2266SA, CDC/Imprimis/Seagate Wren 7, HP 97549T and Micropolis 1598 are known to work. This patch is only required for Sun4c's (Sparcstations) running SunOS 4.1.1 or earlier. Sun3's, Sun4m's (600 series, SS10), and Sun4's (100,200,300,400 series) do not require it, and the patch is included in SunOS 4.1.2 and later. Note: Older Fujitsu M2266SA drives have a firmware bug in the use of the on-drive read-ahead cache that causes random read errors. You can disable the cache by removing the jumper on pins 5-6 on CN9. Fujitsu recently has made new PROMs available that fix the cache problem. You should be able to obtain these from your drive vendor at no cost. The PROM is marked "81202" followed by a revision letter. Revision "C" and earlier should be replaced by a "D" or later version. Note: Older Wren 7's may not boot on IPX's, ELC's and later machines, due to a bug in the Wren 7's firmware. Here is a patch to the NVRAM which must be made from the monitor. Only make this patch if you have prom revision 2.0 or greater: (from monitor level) > n ok nvedit 0: true to fcode-debug? 1: probe-all install-console banner 2: cd /sd 3: patch 0 1 sstart 4: device-end 5: [ press c to exit nvedit at this point ] ok nvstore ok setenv use-nvramrc? true ok reset WARNING : It is important that you type this correctly. Check this several times! Remember all the question marks, dashes and spaces and yes, sstart should be with two "s"'s. Note: Syntax errors in your NVRAMRC can make your machine unbootable. In Prom version 2.x, hitting L1-N after the selftest at bootup will reset the NVRAM. (Thanks to nedre@gest20.SINet.SLB.COM for the Wren 7 fix.) 12) What does the "nres_gethostbyaddr !=" error mean? This message is from "ypserv" and has been determined to be "harmless" (bug #1039839). Get Sun patch 100482-02 or later which fixes this and other bugs in NIS. 13) How do I move disks from xy451 to xy753/7053 disk controllers? You have to reformat the drives for them to be recognized by the new controller. Save the bad block list on drives while they are still on the old controller and load this back on the disk when you are formatting the disk on the new controller. The "dump" command in "defect" menu of "format" will write out a defect list to a file, the "load" command in the same menu will read the defect list from a file. 14) How come yppasswdd does not automatically update the yp maps? There is a bug in 4.1 rpc.yppasswdd that causes it misinterpret the command line arguments. A work-around is to add the "-nosingle" flag (which is the default), this shifts the arguments over one, so "passwd" is read instead of "-m". For example: rpc.yppasswdd /var/yp/passwd -nosingle -m passwd DIR=/var/yp If you are running the C2 security package, you should apply patch 100201-04, as it fixes several problems with rpc.yppasswdd. 15) What does NFS getattr failed/RPC: Authentication error mean? You are probably running a pre-4.0 version of NFS and your username is in more than 8 groups. There is a limit on the number of groups that could be represented in the rpc service (called NGRPS). On pre-4.0 systems this was 8, now it is 16. Since many vendors other than Sun are still running old versions of NFS, you might see this error even if your SunOS is recent. Authentication errors are also caused by having secure RPC enabled on the client but not on the server, or by having a misconfigured secure RPC configuration for the user name generating the errors. Beware of this problem when you are using the automounter, as programs (such as Sendmail) may silently fail when when they try to mount a directory and get this error. 16) How come my mouse occasionally doesn't work? You may have one of the bad mice that came with early SS-1 shipments. The LED on the underside of the mouse can fail. Request a replacement from Sun. 17) How come my internal 105 megabyte hard disk stopped working? There is a problem in the Quantum 105S 3.5" disk with the drive lubricant. It prevents the platter from rotating if it cools down enough, which will happen if the drive is powered down. Before you call Sun in for replacement, try removing the drive, holding it around waist height, and give it a couple of quick twists in the plane of the disk surface. This should loosen the lubricant. (Thanks to Dan Razzell for this suggestion.) Tapping the disk lightly may also work, but this is understandably risky. 18) Can I replace the 105 megabyte internal drive in a SS1/1+ with a higher capacity model? The higher capacity drives usually create more heat and draw more power than the 105S. The case cooling ability and power supply in the SS-1 and SS-1+ is not adequate for the 210 megabyte or higher capacity drives possible in the SS-2. If the drive is the only internal disk, however, you may be able to get away with it. 19) How do I enable synchronous SCSI? It depends on the type of SCSI controller and the SunOS release. The SCSI device must be able to support it. Most modern SCSI drives do, check the drive manual to see if there is a jumper or switch to enable or disable it on the drive itself. If you have a VME-based system with the Sun SCSI controller on a separate card (a 4/470 for example), you are out of luck unless you go with a third-party SCSI controller. The Sun VME SCSI "si" and "sc" controllers are old products that were developed for the Sun3 line and do not support many newer SCSI features. VME systems with the "sm" controller on the cpu board, (such as the 4/370) are capable of sync SCSI, along with desktop systems with the "esp" controller (SS-1, SS-1+, SS2, etc). You can see what type of controller you have by watching the boot process or running /etc/dmesg. There were some problems with sync SCSI on the SS-1 that prompted Sun to disable it by default in 4.0.3 and 4.1. You can enable it manually by tweaking the kernel: echo 'scsi_options?W 0x38' | adb -w /vmunix reboot system or a better method: uncomment the 'SCSI_OPTIONS_SYNC' line in /sys/scsi/conf/scsi_confdata.c rebuild kernel reboot system Under 4.1.x, sync SCSI is negotiated at boot time by checking each device to see if it supports it. 4.1.x will print a message if it is successful (but 4.1.3 omits the first line): esp0: Target 3 now Synchronous at 4.0 mb/s max transmit rate sd0 at esp0 target 3 lun 0 sd0: Enabling sync SCSI only makes sense on systems with multiple drives, as a single drive has no competition on the bus from other devices. SCSI cable length will also affect drive performance, this should be kept to a minimum for sync devices. 20) How do I set up anonymous ftp on my machine? Read the man page ftpd(8) in the SunOS 4.x documentation, as the procedure differs from vanilla BSD and most examples in system administration books. The "ls" binary is dynamically linked, requiring you to duplicate ld.so, libc.so.* and /dev/zero in the ftp area. The permissions and ownership of the files within the ftp area are critical to having a secure configuration. 21) How do I tell what caused my machine to crash? The crash messages will usually be displayed on the console or kept around after reboot long enough for you to run /etc/dmesg. Syslog can sometimes record the crash message. If your system repeatedly crashes with similar looking errors, try searching through the patch list on the Sun patch database for a description that matches your machine. Read chapter 22 of the SunOS 4.1 system administration manual on how to gather more information for reporting a crash and making crash dumps. To enable a crash dump, uncomment the "savecore" lines in /etc/rc.local. To report a crash dump, you need a symbolic traceback for it to be useful to the person looking at it. # cd /var/crash/`hostname` # echo '$c' | adb -k vmunix.0 vmcore.0 22) What can I do if my machine slows to a crawl or just hangs? Try running "ps" to look for large numbers of the duplicate programs or processes with a huge size field. Some system daemons are famous for getting into a state where they fork repeatedly and eventually swamp the system. Killing off the child processes doesn't do any good, so you have to find the "master" process. It will usually have the lowest pid. The programs "top" and "sps" are good for finding processes that are loading your system. They can be found a most anonymous ftp sites (try gatekeeper.dec.com:pub/sysadm). "Top" will give you the processes that are consuming the most cpu time. "Sps" is a better version of "ps" that runs much faster and displays processes in an intuitive manner. Sometimes you run out of memory and you won't be able to run enough commands to even find out what is wrong. You will get messages of the type "out of memory" or "no more processes". You can sync the disks to minimize filesystem corruption if you have to crash the system: Use L1-A sequence to crash system If you are on an older system, type "g0" and you will get the message "panic: ... syncing file systems". When you see the word "done", hit L1-A again and reboot. On systems with the "new" prom, type "n" to get into the new command mode and type "sync". Sometimes a system hang or similar slowdown can be caused by an OS bug. In particular, patch 100330-03 or later fixes some OS bugs in SunOS 4.1.1 that can cause system hangs in certain circumstances. 23) How can I turn my Sun3 into an X-Terminal? You can simply replace the getty command for the console in /etc/ttytab with a command that starts up an X server. Alternatively, you can use Seth Robertson's Xkernel package. This is available via anonymous ftp from sol.ctr.columbia.edu (128.59.64.40) in /Xkernel. The package describes how to configure a minimal kernel that runs the X server and offloads all the clients onto another, hopefully more powerful host on the network. This is attractive to some sites that have a large investment in sun3 platforms, as moving most of the processing off the sun3 cpu makes it tolerable to use. The price of a used 3/50 is competitive with low-end X Terminals and you get a 19" monitor with an optical mouse. Some disadvantages are that 4.1.1 is supposed to be the last SunOS release on the sun3, and maintenance costs may be higher for sun3 hardware. 24) Where can I get a version of ftp that does logging? These are 4 versions that have enhanced logging or can be modified to enable logging: wuarchive.wustl.edu (128.252.135.4) /packages/ftpd.wuarchive.shar isy.liu.se (130.236.1.3) /pub/ftpd.tar.Z ftp.adelaide.edu.au (129.127.40.3) /pub/4.3/ftpd-sirius.tar.Z ftp.cs.widener.edu (147.31.254.132) /pub/src/widener/ftpd-wid.tar.Z The stock Sun ftpd will log some information if you add the "-l" flag in /etc/inetd.conf: ftp stream tcp nowait root /usr/etc/in.ftpd in.ftpd -l Also enable syslogd by adding: daemon.info /var/adm/syslog to "/etc/syslog.conf". 25) How do I make the numeric keypad on a type 5 keyboard work with xterm? You need to patch the /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/XTerm and $OPENWINHOME/lib/app-defaults/XTerm files as described in sun patch 100713-01 or later. 26) How do I swap the CAPS LOCK and CONTROL keys on a type 5 keyboard under Openwindows 3.0? Don't do it with xmodmap, since that won't change the locking behaviour of CAPS LOCK. Edit $OPENWINHOME/etc/keytables/US5.kt. There are two places where keys 119 (CapsLock) and 76 (Control) should be swapped: the MODMAP section and the KEYSYMMAP section. The latter is most important, because that's where the "Pseudo-Lock" function (which controls the locking behaviour of the key) is defined. Thanks to Margarita Suarez for the answers to questions 25 and 26. 27) Which Sun models run which versions of SunOS? Sun2: SunOS 4.0.3 or earlier. Sun386i: SunOS 4.0, 4.0.1, 4.0.2 only. Sun3: SunOS 4.1.1 or earlier. 4/100, 4/200 series: SunOS 3.2, SunOS 4.0 or later. 4/300 series: SunOS 4.0.3 or later. 4/400 series: SunOS 4.1PSR_A or later. 4/600 models 120, 140: SunOS 4.1.2 or later. 4/600 model 41: SunOS 4.1.3 or later. 4/600 models 42, 52, 54: SunOS 5.1 or later. SPARCstation 1, 1+, SLC, IPC: SunOS 4.0.3 or later. SPARCstation 2, ELC, IPX: SunOS 4.1.1 or later. SPARCstation 10 models 20, 30, 40: SunOS 4.1.3 or later. SPARCstation 10 models 42, 52, 54: SunOS 5.1 or later. SPARCclassic, SPARCstation LX: SunOS 5.1 or later. In particular, the SPARCclassic, LX, or any *multiprocessor* SPARCstation 10 will *NOT* run SunOS 4.1.3 or any version of SunOS earlier than 5.1. SunOS 5.0 runs only on SS1,1+,2,SLC,IPC,ELC,IPX. SunOS 5.1 runs on all Sun4s and SPARCstations, but the FPU's on the 4/100 and 4/200 series machines are disabled. Explanatory note: In general, Solaris = SunOS + Open Windows. Solaris 1.0 = SunOS 4.1.1 + Open Windows 2.0 Solaris 1.0.1 = SunOS 4.1.2 + Open Windows 2.0 Solaris 1.1 = SunOS 4.1.3 + Open Windows 3.0 Solaris 2.0 = SunOS 5.0 + Open Windows 3.0.1 Solaris 2.1 = SunOS 5.1 + Open Windows 3.1 28) How do I find out how much physical memory a given machine has? Try "/etc/dmesg | grep mem". This takes advantage of the fact that the kernel writes the amount of physical memory on the machine to the console on reboot. /etc/dmesg reports the most recent messages written to the console. If many messages have been written to the console since the machine was rebooted, the message reporting the amount of physical memory may no longer be in the buffer. In this case, there is no way of discovering the amount of physical memory on a machine short of poking around in /dev/mem and /vmunix (or equivalent), or opening up the case and counting SIMMS and/or memory boards. A little C program that makes use of /dev/mem and /vmunix to report the amount of physical memory is available for anonymous ftp on "ra.mcs.anl.gov" in the file "/sun-managers/mem.shar". 29) My rdump is failing with a "Protocol botched" message. What do I do? The problem produces output like the following: DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: Wed Jan 6 08:50:01 1993 DUMP: Date of last level 0 dump: the epoch DUMP: Dumping /dev/rsd0a (/) to /dev/nrst8 on host foo DUMP: mapping (Pass I) [regular files] DUMP: mapping (Pass II) [directories] DUMP: estimated 8232 blocks (4.02MB) on 0.00 tape(s). DUMP: Protocol to remote tape server botched (in rmtgets). rdump: Lost connection to remote host. DUMP: Bad return code from dump: 1 This occurs when something in .cshrc on the remote machine prints something to stdout or stderr (eg. stty, echo). The rdump command doesn't expect this, and chokes. Other commands which use the rsh protocol (eg. rdist, rtar) may also be affected. The way to get around this is to add the following line near the beginning of .cshrc, before any command that might send something to stdout or stderr: if ( ! $?prompt ) exit This causes .cshrc to exit when prompt isn't set, which distinguishes between remote commands (eg. rdump, rsh) where these variables are not set, and interactive sessions (eg. rlogin) where they are. 30) How do I find out what my machine's memory is being used for? How can I tell if I need more memory? To discover how much virtual memory (i.e. swap) is free, for SunOS 3.x and 4.x, run "pstat -s", and for SunOS 5.x, run "swap -s" or "vmstat". If you're using tmpfs for /tmp, "df /tmp" will also work. Discovering how physical memory is being used can be more difficult, however. For SunOS 3.x, vmstat will tell you how much physical memory is free. This doesn't work under SunOS 4.x and 5.x, since the kernel's memory subsystem is completely different. Memory pages that are not being used by processes are used as a sort of extended cache, storing pages of memory-mapped files for possible later use. The kernel keeps only a small set of pages free for short-term use, and frees up more on demand. Hence the free memory reported by vmstat is not an accurate reflection, for example, of the amount of memory available for user processes. For SunOS 4.x, a small C program is available which indicates how the system has allocated memory pages. Its output looks like the following: vmpage: all results in decimal pages physmem 16298, startup 839, maxmem 15459, pageable 14853 scanned 15469, locked 4, kept 612, cached 8124, free 6729 vmpage is availabe for anonymous ftp from ra.mcs.anl.gov as /sun-managers/vmpage.tar.Z An easy way to determine whether or not your machine needs more memory is to run vmstat and examine the po (page out) column. If this column consistently shows large numbers, this indicates that your machine does not have enough memory to support its current workload, and frequently needs to write pages belonging to active processes to disk in order to free up enough memory to run the current job. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ For information send mail to info-sunflash@Sun.COM. Subscription requests should be sent to sunflash-request@Sun.COM. Archives are on solar.nova.edu, ftp.uu.net, sunsite.unc.edu, src.doc.ic.ac.uk and ftp.adelaide.edu.au All prices, availability, and other statements relating to Sun or third party products are valid in the U.S. only. Please contact your local Sales Representative for details of pricing and product availability in your region. Descriptions of, or references to products or publications within SunFlash does not imply an endorsement of that product or publication by Sun Microsystems. John McLaughlin, SunFlash editor, flash@Sun.COM. +1 305 351 4909.