---------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Florida SunFlash S U N E R G Y E M A I L : Newsletter 4 SunFLASH Vol 43 #1 July 1992 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: Miyong.Byun@Corp.sun.com (Miyong Byun, User Programs) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ********************************* * * * S U N E R G Y E M A I L * * * ********************************* NEWSLETTER 4 June 1992 Distributed by the Press Relations, Sun Microsystems Computer Corporation; all rights reserved. Director of PR: Kay Hart; Sunergy Manager: John Loiacono; Managing Editor: Miyong Byun. Contact the Sunergy editors over email at: sunergy_information@Sun.COM. =========================================================================== = CONTENTS - ISSUE #4 = =========================================================================== ANNOUNCEMENTS *1* Special Edition Broadcast ROADMAPS TO SUN *2* Sun-Specific, Public Domain Software *3* Correction to Newsletter #3 TECHNICAL TOPICS *4* Solaris(R) SunOS(TM) 5.0 (Whitepaper) *5* White Papers (Listing) *6* Tips -N- Tricks: Finding Things with "find" Aliases NEW PRODUCTS *7* The Energize Programming System SIG NEWS *9* SunPro INDUSTRY NEWS *10* News From SPARC International *11* SunWorld Magazine: "Why Sun Will Win In the 90's" Q & A *12* C Compilers on Solaris 2.0 UPCOMING EVENTS *13* Tradeshow Calendar --------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ANNOUNCEMENTS - --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ********************************* *1* Special Edition Broadcast * ********************************* The topic of Sunergy's May satellite broadcast was "Business Solutions and Tools That Make Rightsizing Reality Today". Here is a summary of that broadcast. A white paper from the broadcast is also available. To request a copy, send email to the Sunergy office. SUMMARY Rightsizing puts the right amount of computing power -- no more, no less -- into the hands of the users. For example, PC networks may be upsized to add more power. Database management may be downsized from mainframes to network servers for faster access. Rightsizing is cost-effective and allows everyone to share computer resources, rather than compete for them. When is rightsizing the right direction for your corporate computing environment? If you are experiencing some of the following situations, rightsizing may be your answer. 1. Upper management is looking for cost savings and productivity gains. 2. Your PCs are continually pushing the upper limits of their power. 3. Additional users bog down your mainframe, slowing data access. 4. Your departmental minicomputer system costs more to maintain than to upgrade. 5. You want to maximize the value of your existing investments in equipment, software and people. Sunergy's rightsizing broadcast featured a number of expert speakers and discussions. * Terry Keely, Sun Director of Technology Architecture, provided valuable insight into Sun's own rightsizing business solutions. * Bill Raduchel, Sun Vice President and Chief Information Officer, discussed the importance of distributed computing. * Nancy Colwell, Sun Director of Commercial Tools and Technologies, presented the powerful and effective UNIX(R) system tools that are currently available for rightsizing. * Three information resource executives from top companies discussed their own real-life examples of rightsizing solutions. The end of the broadcast included an interactive question-and-answer period between the audience, Sun executives and guests. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ROADMAPS TO SUN - --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ******************************************* *2* Sun-Specific Public Domain Software * ******************************************* The following is a listing of some Sun-specific public domain software. This list was compiled by the USENET group: comp.sources.sun. Rutgers University maintains an archive of this software and makes it available through anonymous ftp. Title Archive Name Comments V01INF1 info1.1 information about misposting V01INF2 info1.2 error in Manifest for calentool V01INF3 info1.3 Location and format of ftp archive site V01i001 undump-386i undump for 386i's V01i002 mazewar/part01 Sunview/X Mazewar Part 1 V01i003 mazewar/part02 Sunview/X Mazewar Part 2 V01i004 mazewar/part03 Sunview/X Mazewar Part 3 V01i005 mazewar/part04 Sunview/X Mazewar Part 4 V01i006 mazewar/part05 Sunview/X Mazewar Part 5 V01i007 mazewar/part06 Sunview/X Mazewar Part 6 V01i008 palette/part01 palettetool Part 1 V01i009 palette/part02 palettetool Part 2 V01i010 calentool/part01 calendar tool Part 1 V01i011 calentool/part02 calendar tool Part 2 V01i012 calentool/part03 calendar tool Part 3 V01i013 calentool/part04 calendar tool Part 4 V01i014 calentool/part05 calendar tool Part 5 V01i015 calentool/part06 calendar tool Part 6 V01i016 calentool/part07 calendar tool Part 7 V01i017 calentool/part08 calendar tool Part 8 V01i018 calentool/part09 calendar tool Part 9 V01i019 colorsplines color splines V01i020 tooltool2.1c/part01 A Suntools user interface builder, part 1 V01i021 tooltool2.1c/part02 A Suntools user interface builder, part 2 V01i022 tooltool2.1c/part03 A Suntools user interface builder, part 3 V01i023 tooltool2.1c/part04 A Suntools user interface builder, part 4 V01i024 tooltool2.1c/part05 A Suntools user interface builder, part 5 V01i025 tooltool2.1c/part06 A Suntools user interface builder, part 6 V01i026 tooltool2.1c/part07 A Suntools user interface builder, part 7 V01i027 tooltool2.1c/part08 A Suntools user interface builder, part 8 V01i028 tooltool2.1c/part09 A Suntools user interface builder, part 9 V01i029 tooltool2.1c/part10 A Suntools user interface builder, part 10 V01i030 tooltool2.1c/part11 A Suntools user interface builder, part 11 V01i031 tooltool2.1c/part12 A Suntools user interface builder, part 12 V01i032 tooltool2.1c/part13 A Suntools user interface builder, part 13 V01i033 cknfs Test NFS paths for validity V01i034 contool2.1 A Sunview console message handler V01i035 eyecon Eyecon - Someone to watch over you V01i036 ethertools-3.X/part01 Ethernet tools for SunOS 3.X, part 1 V01i037 ethertools-3.X/part02 Ethernet tools for SunOS 3.X, part 2 V01i038 calctool/part01 Calctool, a calculator for your Sun, Part 1 V01i039 calctool/part02 Calctool, a calculator for your Sun, Part 2 V01i040 tooltool2.1c/patch01 Patch #1 to Tooltool V01i041 brushdmt Brushdmt - a screensaver V01i042 calctool/patch01 Patch #1 to Calctool V01i043 touchup2.5/part01 Touchup - Sunview bitmap graphics editor,Part 1 V01i044 touchup2.5/part02 Touchup - Sunview bitmap graphics editor,Part 2 V01i045 touchup2.5/part03 Touchup - Sunview bitmap graphics editor,Part 3 V01i046 touchup2.5/part04 Touchup - Sunview bitmap graphics editor,Part 4 V01i047 touchup2.5/part05 Touchup - Sunview bitmap graphics editor,Part 5 V01i048 touchup2.5/part06 Touchup - Sunview bitmap graphics editor,Part 6 V01i049 touchup2.5/part07 Touchup - Sunview bitmap graphics editor,Part 7 V01i050 dgtool DGtool - Data General terminal emulator V01i051 lpqtool Lpqtool - a printer watcher for sunview V01i052 xbgsun Xbgsun Display sunraster files in X V01i053 pc-paintbrush pc-paintbrush - convert pc-paintbrush to sunraster format V01i054 newstool Newstool - use tooltool to read news using rn V01i055 rntool Rntool - another tooltool newsreader V01i056 ansi-sunview Diffs to make 4.0.1 SunView Headers ANSI compliant, Part 1 V01i057 ansi-sunview Diffs to make 4.0.1 SunView Headers ANSI compliant, Part 2 V01i058 ansi-sunview Diffs to make 4.0.1 SunView Headers ANSI compliant, Part 3 V01i059 looking-glass Zoom in on parts of a SunView screen V01i060 FastMand FastMtool - a SunView mandelbrot image maker V01i061 hype/part01 hype - a SunView object- oriented window builder, Part 1 V01i062 hype/part02 hype - a SunView object- oriented window builder, Part 2 V01i063 hype/part03 hype - a SunView object- oriented window builder, Part 3 V01i064 hype/part04 hype - a SunView object- oriented window builder, Part 4 V01i065 hype/part05 hype - a SunView object- oriented window builder, Part 5 V01i066 hype/part06 hype - a SunView object- oriented window builder, Part 6 V01i067 hype/part07 hype - a SunView object- oriented window builder, Part 7 V01i068 hype/part08 hype - a SunView object- oriented window builder, Part 8 V01i069 hype/part09 hype - a SunView object- oriented window builder, Part 9 V01i070 hype/part10 hype - a SunView object- oriented window builder, Part 10 V01i071 hype/part11 hype - a SunView object- oriented window builder, Part 11 V01i072 calentool/patch4a Patches for calentool (to patchlevel 4), Part01 V01i073 calentool/patch4b Patches for calentool (to patchlevel 4), Part02 V01i074 calentool/patch4c Patches for calentool (to patchlevel 4), Part03 V01i075 calentool/patch4d Patches for calentool (to patchlevel 4), Part04 V01i076 contool2.2/part01 A Sunview console message hander, v2.2, Part01 V01i077 contool2.2/part02 A Sunview console message hander, v2.2, Part02 V01i078 contool2.2/part03 A Sunview console message hander, v2.2, Part03 V01i079 sunclock Sunclock - a world-view of the day V01i080 calentool/patch4e Patches for calentool (to patchlevel 4), Part05 V01i081 paneledit Paneledit: interactive editor for SunView panels V01i082 trackertool/part01 Trackertool - Graph data coming from a pipe (Sunview), Part01 V01i083 trackertool/part02 Trackertool - Graph data coming from a pipe (Sunview), Part02 V01i084 cknfs-1.1 Test NFS paths for validity V01i085 alv/part01 ALV - An Image Processing Toolkit, Part01 V01i086 alv/part02 ALV - An Image Processing Toolkit, Part02 V01i087 alv/part03 ALV - An Image Processing Toolkit, Part03 V01i088 alv/part04 ALV - An Image Processing Toolkit, Part04 V01i089 alv/part05 ALV - An Image Processing Toolkit, Part05 V01i090 alv/part06 ALV - An Image Processing Toolkit, Part06 V01i091 alv/part07 ALV - An Image Processing Toolkit, Part07 V01i092 alv/part08 ALV - An Image Processing Toolkit, Part08 V01i093 alv/part09 ALV - An Image Processing Toolkit, Part09 V01i094 alv/part10 ALV - An Image Processing Toolkit, Part10 V01i095 rawgraph Rawgraph - a graphics library for the cg4b (Sun 3/60) *********************************** *3* Correction to Newsletter #3 * *********************************** In Newsletter #3 we published local country addresses and phone numbers for submitting bug reports to Sun. Please note the following corrections to the list. AUSTRALIA Hotline Telephone: 008 02-4417 Email Address: hotline@aus.sun.com SWEDEN Sun Microsystems AB Esbogatan 18 Box 51 S-164 94 KISTA Sweden Hotline Telephone: +46 8 623 91 00 Email Address: hotline@sun.se --------------------------------------------------------------------------- - TECHNICAL TOPICS - --------------------------------------------------------------------------- *************************************** *4* Solaris SunOS 5.0 (White Paper) * *************************************** MULTITHREADING AND REAL TIME, a white paper by Atri Chatterjee and Jim Herriot, introduces the concept of multithreading and describes the benefits of SunSoft's implementation of multithreading in SunOS 5.0, which is part of the Solaris 2.0 operating environment. The following is a condensed version of this whitepaper. MULTITHREADING AND REAL TIME by Atri Chatterjee and Jim Herriot Multiprocessing and multithreading are gaining popularity in the workstation industry. With this increased popularity comes a proliferation of jargon that is usually better at confusing rather than educating the reader. The following is an explanation of some important terms. Tightly Coupled Multiprocessor: A system with multiple processors (CPUs) that share memory and run a single operating system. Most multiprocessor workstations (MP) are of this category. Thread (Thread of Control): A thread is a sequence of instructions or flow of executions within a program or process. Traditional processes have only one sequence of instructions that can execute at any given time and are called single-threaded processes. Multithreading: In contrast to single-threaded processes, multithreaded processes have multiple threads that can execute concurrently. It is important to understand that both single-threaded and multithreaded processes can run on single and multiprocessor machines. ASMP (Asymmetric Multiprocessing): ASMP describes an MP system where several processors exist, but only one of them is designated as master. The master performs all privileged operations such as I/O and the management of operating system resources. In an asymmetric system only one processor can execute the code of the operating system. The throughput (performance) of asymmetric systems decreases whenever multiple processors try to access operating system resources. SMP (Symmetric Multiprocessing): SMP is a little more difficult to define because a variety of systems can be called symmetric. However, all symmetric systems share the property that multiple processors can execute concurrently inside the operating system (thus the term symmetric). The degree of symmetry is best measured by the amount of concurrent execution that can take place in the operating system kernel. SunOS 5.0 SunOS 5.0 is based on UNIX SVR4 from Unix International. In addition to having all the functionality and interfaces provided by SVR4, it also has several value-added features above and below the standard interfaces. Perhaps the most important value-added feature is the multithreaded environment. The SunOS 5.0 kernel is the first step in providing a foundation for a complete multithreading environment. SunSoft and Sun Technology Enterprises are already in the process of developing several future software products that will exploit multithreading. There are several important characteristics that make the multithreaded SunOS 5.0 particularly attractive: o A fully symmetric kernel. The SunOS 5.0 kernel is a highly symmetric kernel that maximizes multiprocessor performance. o The multithreaded kernel also runs efficiently on single processor machines and exploits parallelism wherever possible, such as when performing I/O. o The multithreading technology has also made the kernel completely pre-emptive, thus giving it superior real-time performance. o SunOS 5.0 provides the basis for providing multithreading interfaces to applications programs. The SunOS 5.0 kernel has been built to support the IEEE POSIX 1003.4a threads interfaces when the current draft becomes a standard. o Traditional (single-threaded) applications will run unchanged in this new environment. SunOS 5.0 will provide all benefits of UNIX SVR4 -- portability across hardware, interoperability across different vendor platforms, and scalability. SunSoft continues to improve the technology in SunOS while maintaining compatibility with standards. The kernel's multithreading performance will be further improved and new real-time features will be added. Some of these real-time features include the following: o Real-time file system providing high deterministic performance with improved reliability. o Real-time I/O features that allow applications to directly interact with devices rather than use the operating system. o Improved network performance that will allow real-time applications to make extensive use of networking while maintaining determinism and fast response time. Multithreading User Applications SunOS 5.0 is the first step in SunSoft's effort to introduce the multithreaded programming paradigm to customers. In order to realize the full potential of multithreading, developers need an environment that allows them to build and execute their own multithreaded applications. By doing so they can speed up their individual applications which can execute concurrently. There are several types of applications that would benefit from multithreading and all of them have one characteristic in common: they all have multiple independent functions, which can be done concurrently. Specific examples include database engines, telecommunication switching software, and real-time control software that monitors asynchronous events. Future Multithreading Environment in SunOS SunSoft understands that multithreading is far more than just a multithreaded operating system. In fact, the operating system is only the beginning. In order to encourage applications programmers to multithread their applications, the software environment should have several components to aid in this process. SunSoft and Sun Technology Enterprises plan to provide many of the important components of a multithreading environment. SunSoft also works with third party vendors to develop multithreading solutions. Components that are already being developed include the following: o Threads libraries. SunSoft will provide a threads library that will allow C programmers to create their own threads and communicate between threads. These interfaces will conform with the POSIX 1003.4 specifications. o Multithread safe and multithread hot libraries. Many of the standard libraries that programmers use are being made multithread safe. Doing so will ensure that program correctness is maintained even if several threads try to execute the library concurrently. Some libraries are even being made multithread hot or being optimized for multithreaded execution. o Multithreaded debugger. Perhaps the most important tool for programmers writing multithreaded applications is a debugger that can aid multithreaded program development. SunSoft plans to provide such a debugger. o Threads extensions to other languages. Various language compilers, including FORTRAN and Ada, will be enhanced to support the explicit use of threads. These will then be extended later on to support automatic parallelization. For more information on this white paper, call (800) 227-9227. ****************************** *5* White Papers (Listing) * ****************************** The following is a listing of some excellent white papers on SunOS and multiprocessing. * M. Powell, S. Kleiman, S. Barton, D. Shah, D. Stein, M. Weeks, "SunOS Multi-thread Architecture", USENIX Conference Proceedings, Winter 1991 * S. Khanna, M. Sebree, J. Zolnowsky, "Realtime Scheduling in SunOS 5.0", USENIX Conference Proceedings, Winter 1992 * S. Kleiman, B. Smaalders, D. Stein, D. Shah, "Writing Multithreaded Code in Solaris", COMPCON Conference Proceedings, Spring 1992 * S. Kleiman, J. Voll, J. Eykholt, A. Shivalingiah, D. Williams, M. Smith, S. Barton, G. Skinner, "Symmetric Multiprocessing in Solaris 2.0", COMPCON Conference Proceedings, Spring 1992 * J. Eykholt, S. Kleiman, S. Barton, R. Faulkner, A. Shivalingiah, M. Smith, D. Stein, J. Voll, M. Weeks, D. Williams, "Beyond Multiprocessing ... Multithreading the SunOS Kernel", USENIX Conference Proceedings, Summer 1992 * D. Stein, D. Shah, "Implementing Lightweight Threads", USENIX Conference Proceedings, Summer 1992 * C. Gentry, "Multiprocessing Technology: A Primer", Sun Microsystems Computer Corporation, May 1992 *********************************************************** *6* Tips -N- Tricks: Finding Things with "find" Aliases * *********************************************************** By John Lewis II, john.lewis@sun.com The "find" command is really good at finding things, but the syntax for this command can be hard to remember. Consequently, you may spend more time reading the man pages and experimenting than actually finding what you're looking for. Here are some of the things I look for on my system: 1. Big files that take up a lot of disk space. 2. Old files that I haven't used in a long time. 3. New files that should be backed up. 4. All directories under my current directory to see the structure. 5. All man page directories available on the system. 6. Backup files that could be removed if running out of disk space. There are other times when I am looking for something specific: 7. A specific filename. 8. A specific word within some file(s). 9. A specific expression within some file(s). (A word is usually surrounded by the space character, but an expression may be found within a word.) ________________________________________________________________________ INSTALLING FIND ALIASES An alias provides a way to rename a long command to a shorter command that is easier to remember. To try out one of the aliases below, copy and paste it into a shell or command tool. To make the alias part of your default setup, paste it into your ".cshrc" file located in your home directory. # find big, old, new, dirs, man?, backup files (Textedit and Frame) alias findbig 'find . -size +1000 -exec ls -l {} \;' alias findold 'find . -atime +125 -exec ls -l {} \;' alias findnew 'find . \( -ctime -1 -type f \) -exec ls -l {} \;' alias finddirs 'find . -type d -exec ls -ld {} \;' alias findman 'find / -type d -name "man?" -exec ls -ld {} \;' # Note that the next 3 aliases must be on 1 line without returns. alias findbackup 'find . \( -type f -name "*%" -o -type f -name " *.backup" \) -exec ls -l {} \; ;echo "Use findbackupdel or findbackupdel-i to delete backup files."' alias findbackupdel 'find . \( -type f -name "*%" -o -type f -name " *.backup" \) -print -exec rm {} \;' alias findbackupdel-i 'find . \( -type f -name "*%" -o -type f -name " *.backup" \) -ok rm {} \;' # # find filename, file with word, file with expression alias findfile 'find . -name "\!*" -exec ls -ld {} \;' alias findword 'find . -type f -exec grep -wil -e "\!*" {} \;' alias findwords 'find . -type f -exec grep -wi \!:1 {} /dev/null \;' alias findexp 'find . -type f -exec grep -il -e "\!*" {} \;' alias findexps 'find . -type f -exec grep -i \!:1 {} /dev/null \;' ________________________________________________________________________ USING FIND ALIASES If you want to find all the old files under your current directory, you just type "findold" instead of "find . -atime +125 -exec ls -l {};". All of these find aliases (except findman) will search within and under your current directory, so you may need to "cd" to a higher place in the file system to extend your search. To minimize the time to find something, always be as close as you can in the structure. For example, if you know a file is somewhere under your home directory, then start the search from there, not from root. The aliases called "findbig", "findold", and "findnew" have numbers that you can change ( 1000, 125, 1 ) to alter how big, old, or new the file must be for the find command to display it. The second set of aliases (findfile findword findwords findexp findexps) require an argument to search for. For example, if you are looking for a file called "missing", type "findfile missing". The difference between "findword" and "findwords" is that the first will display the filename the word was found in, and the other will display every occurrence of that word in the file(s) it found it in. "findexp" and "findexps" work the same way. Happy Hunting! --------------------------------------------------------------------------- - NEW PRODUCTS - --------------------------------------------------------------------------- *************************************** *7* The Energize Programming System * *************************************** The Energize Programming System provides a natural path to object- oriented programming for UNIX programmers. The Energize system facilitates developing and understanding C++ and C code on Sun(TM) SPARCstations(TM) by incorporating capabilities previously available only in specialized OOP languages. Energize from Lucid, Inc., will be introduced to Sun users with a series of free seminars and a free video demo. Each seminar lasts a half-day, with the focus on product demonstration. You can register by calling 1-800-223-9322. The current schedule is: Dallas, TX June 10 Redwood City, CA June 23 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- - SIG NEWS - --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ************** *9* SunPro * ************** The SunPro SIG is a two-way channel for information about software development on the Solaris platform. If you would like more information about joining this SIG, send a request to SunproSIG@Sun.Com. The following is a condensed version of an article that appeared in the Winter SunPro newsletter. SPARCworks(TM) 2.0 IS THE FIRST DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FOR SOLARIS 2.0 SPARCworks 2.0, the latest version of the popular SPARCworks product, is the first development environment for Solaris 2.0 and will be available when Solaris 2.0 is released by SunSoft. This article is an exclusive preview of SPARCworks 2.0 and will high-light the important features of this major new release. Version 2.0 of SPARCworks will add functionality to the present tools, SourceBrowser and Debugger, and will introduce four new ones: * SPARCworks Manager * Analyzer * Filemerge * MakeTool SPARCworks is designed to speed up and simplify the tasks software developers perform most often: editing and merging of source code, compiling and debugging of programs, and tuning program performance. SPARCworks 2.0 includes several components. *SPARCworks Manager* provides an easy-to-use, unified way to start SPARCworks tools and control the programming environment. In addition to managing the other five standard SPARCworks tools, SPARCworks Manager can also control custom applications written by users or third-party developers. When integrated with SPARCworks and executed under SPARCworks Manager, the standard SPARCworks tools and custom applications combine to provide you with the following advantages: * Drop-and-drag execution * Session management * Workspace organization * Central control *SourceBrowser* enables programmers to search files residing locally or on the network. As a result, developers can make global changes and pinpoint problem spots even on massive, distributed development projects. New features for SourceBrowser include a function call grapher that displays the callers and callees of a specific function, and two tools designed especially for object-oriented programming: a class browser and class hierarchy grapher. These graphical features enable C++ programmers to easily navigate through classes stored in their own applications and in libraries. *Debugger* has been enhanced with the following capabilities: * Analyzes dynamically linked shared libraries * Analyzes optimized code * Lists command history * Displays FORTRAN array slices * Saves, restores and replays sequences of commands * Handles overloaded function names and other C++ language features * Checks out source from SCCS In addition to its duties as a dynamic analyzer, the Debugger also collects data for use with the Analyzer performance-tuning tool. Collected data includes: * User time * System time * I/O time * Page fault time * Address space structure * Page reference and modification data *Analyzer* measures and displays an application's performance profile, suggesting ways to improve performance. The Analyzer eliminates the need to compile and link an application with special data collection instrumentation. Moreover, the Analyzer simplifies and enhances the task of collecting data; you can collect a variety of performance data types, and control the data collection process. After you have tuned your program, the Analyzer assists you in rebuilding it by identifying improved sequences for loading functions into the program's address space. The Analyzer then builds a map file to pass to the linker, which uses it to produce an executable with reduced working set size. You can export the data collected by the debugger into files for use by other programs such as spreadsheets or custom-written applications. The format of the export data file is well documented in SPARCworks technical references. *FileMerge* provides visual file comparison. It enables programmers to work on the same file and then to compare and merge their respective versions without introducing discrepancies. FileMerge displays both versions of a file side-by-side, highlighting any differences. Changes can then be made automatically or manually merged into a new file, which is displayed in an editable window. FileMerge can also compare two modified versions with the common ancestor file from which they are derived. *MakeTool* adds a graphical OPEN LOOK(R) front-end to the traditional UNIX make facility and eases the process of makefile interpretation and execution. In addition to the classic make functionality of determining what source files need to be recompiled, MakeTool also provides a rule and macro browser. The new MakeFile Browser allows the developer to easily expand the makefile rules and macros, thereby increasing productivity while reducing errors. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- - INDUSTRY NEWS - --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ************************************** *10* News From SPARC International * ************************************** ** SI Sells Specs And SPARC(R) Software Tools All In One Package SPARC International (SI) announced the availability of its Developer's ToolChest, a comprehensive set of interface specifications and tools distributed on CD-ROM for systematic migration to the SPARC Compliance Definition (SCD) 2.0. Partial listing of ToolChest contents: o SPARC Architecture Version 8 Manual o System V Application Binary Interface (ABI) Manual o System V Application Binary Interface, SPARC Processor Supplement o SPARC Compliance Definition (SCD 2.0) for SVR4 o System V Interface Definition (SVID) Release 3, Volumes 1-5 o Migration Guides from Nine Computing Environments to UNIX SVR4 o SPARC Migration Tool Future Quarterly Releases: o Compilers that generate SCD 2.0 code o SACT (SPARC Application Conformance Toolkit) 2.0 o Updated documents and specifications Products are individually priced, with manuals and specifications ranging from $28 to $50, and $395 for the Migration Tool. To order ToolChest products and additional copies of media call (800) 453-6657 (8:30 am - 4:30 pm PST) or fax (415) 321-0268 (international, 24 hours). ** SI Announces New SMCC Keyboard Interface License SI Extends List of Available Interface Specs SPARC International (SI) announced that a license to the Sun Microsystems Computer Corporation's Type 5 Keyboard and Mouse Interface Specification is available, royalty-free for a one-time license fee of $99. This license gives developers the right to design, manufacture and freely market keyboards complying with the Type 5 interface specification. Now SPARC peripheral vendors can use the Type 5 Keyboard and Mouse Interface Specification to create their own keyboard layout and industrial design. In addition, this license is also a new peripheral interface technology added to the SPARCBuilders(TM) Portfolio, announced by SI in April. SPARCBuilders gives developers of SPARC-based hardware and software products and embedded/real-time products the basic information they need to make informed core technology decisions and choose appropriate technology suppliers. ** SI Sells SPARC Software Specs and Tools on CD-ROM SPARC International (SI) announced that software developers may begin ordering ToolChest media and products on Friday, May 15, via its new fulfillment operation, "SI Direct." The Developer's ToolChest, distributed in CD-ROM format, is a comprehensive set of up-to-date source and binary interface specifications and tools enabling software developers to move applications to SVR4 and the SPARC Compliance Definition (SCD) 2.0. SCD 2.0 is the basis for shrink-wrapped applications on SCD 2.0 platforms. Users have immediate, on-line, shared access to the documents on the Developer's ToolChest "Electronic Bookshelf." These include: o SPARC Architecture Version 8 Manual o System V Application Binary Interface (ABI) Manual o System V Application Binary Interface, SPARC Processor Supplement o SPARC Compliance Definition 2.0 (SCD 2.0) for SVR4 o System V Interface Definition (SVID) Release 3, Volumes 1-5 o Migration Guides from 9 Computing Environments to UNIX SVR4 ** SI Announces SPARCBuilders(TM) SPARC International (SI) announced that it is collecting an aggressive technology portfolio to identify and describe all "building block" technologies available to hardware and software developers and integrators of both SPARC-based computer and embedded/real-time products. Called SPARCBuilders, this effort will give developers a single reference to available SPARC technologies, offer technology suppliers a highly-leveraged marketing tool, and meet the demand for a central information resource for the open, multivendor SPARC industry. SPARCBuilders will publish its first issue of the portfolio within the next few months. ** SI Announces $99 SPARC" Architecture License SPARC International (SI) announced that the SPARC architecture is available, royalty-free for a one-time license fee of $99. This license gives developers the right to design, manufacture and freely market components conforming to the SPARC Architecture. ** SPARC International Announces SCD 2.0 The Only Viable End-User Specification for Shrink-Wrapped Applications SPARC International (SI) announced that the SPARC industry's UNIX System V Release 4 developer and end-user specification, the SPARC Compliance Definition (SCD) 2.0, is complete and has been approved for distribution to developers. SI will ship more than 20,000 SCD 2.0 specifications directly to SPARC software developers early in Q2 1992. ********************************************************** *11* SunWorld Magazine: "Why Sun Will Win In the 90's" * ********************************************************** "Why Sun Will Win In the `90s" By Michael E. McCarthy, Editor-in-Chief, SunWorld (June 1992 issue) With all the high-speed systems available from Sun's rivals, has Sun lost its edge? Have ten years of Sun dominance of the advanced systems market come to an end -- will the 1990s belong to IBM, DEC, and HP once again? Don't bet on it. Sun's major-vendor competitors still labor under a major liability: They all have minicomputer or mainframe businesses to defend. Why is that important? Because it fundamentally divides the strategies of Sun on one side, and large-system vendors on the other. Let's consider the implications. Sun sells workstations. IBM, DEC, HP, all have been driven -- hounded, even -- into competing in workstations because Sun has been stealing from their big-system business. They market workstations for the same reason they sell PCs: If they don't, somebody else will. But if a virus came along and turned every workstation in America to melted plastic, these big-system vendors would cheer -- and shut down their workstation lines that same afternoon. Because Sun is selling workstations, not minis, Sun can compete without internal contradictions or in-house resistance. Every machine they sell is fresh income -- not a foregone minicomputer sale. Every IBM RS/6000, every HP 710, every DEC that sells for $10,000 is a $100,000 mini they didn't sell. Or they can't help thinking it could have been. This unavoidable fact gives Sun (and SGI and NeXT) an enormous competitive advantage in strategy and tactics. (IBM recognizes this, and has given its operating units official permission to create strategy without regard to the impact it might have on other IBM business units. Let's see if it works.) Sun makes money on its low-end workstations. Being the volume leader means never having to say "loss leader." HP, as an example of the other side of the coin, offers a sub-$5,000 workstation with great performance, but admits it really wants to steer you to a high-end model. Since Sun is really selling workstations, not defending turf, it is compelled to design and manufacture systems that can be sold at a profit at every price point. That's why Sun has three chip families, at three price points, coming out this year. I am convinced Sun is the only workstation vendor that makes money on its sub-$10,000 systems. (Rule of business: Don't start a price war with a competitor who can manufacture much cheaper than you can; in the long run, you'll lose. Just ask TI.) Sun has no hidden agenda. Sun thinks it can make money on cheap, fast systems following standards. What are the other vendors trying to accomplish? Take DEC, for instance. With the Alpha chip, DEC is really focused on replacing its VAX chip. Sowing confusion in the workstation market Ken Olsen despises so heartily is just a bonus. Confusion helps defend their turf. The real irony here is that if its rivals had played by Sun's open- system rules, they'd be killing Sun by now. But because they just *can't quite* bring themselves to play nonproprietary, they've allowed Sun to build up an installed base that gives Sun the advantages of a proprietary system. All they still have to do is become compatible with Sun and they'll create chaos. But will they? Don't hold your breath.... --------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Q & A - --------------------------------------------------------------------------- *********************************** *12* C Compilers on Solaris 2.0 * *********************************** In this issue, Sunergy answers customers' questions on the unbundling of the C compiler on Solaris 2.0. Q. WILL SUN UNBUNDLE THE C COMPILER ON SOLARIS 2.0? A. Starting with Solaris 2.0, Sun will no longer bundle compilers with the operating system. Q. WHAT IS THE RATIONALE FOR THIS DECISION? A. There are three reasons behind this decision. 1. The compiler is no longer required to build or customize the SVR4 kernel. The use of dynamically linked libraries makes a compiler unnecessary. 2. Not all users need a C compiler. Bundling the compiler increases the cost of Solaris. Sun estimates that more than half (52%) of its customers do not use a C compiler. By unbundling, only those customers who use the compiler pay for it. 3. By unbundling, Sun also opens up Solaris/SPARC to other compiler vendors. Customers benefit from a variety of compiler offerings and can chose the compiler that is right for their needs. Several third-party C compiler products will be available on Solaris 2.0. These include: - Cygnus Software gnu c - Lucid C, C++ - Centerline (Sabre) C, C++ Q. WHAT IS THE PRICE FOR A SUN C COMPILER? A. Pricing, promotions and upgrade policies have not yet been finalized. The following measures are planned to make this transition easier: - The compiler and tools will be offered separately. Today the compilers and tools together cost $2,000. The price of a compiler alone will be less. - Sun compilers and tools will have floating licenses. This means that if you have a group of 20 developers, you may need only 10 or 15 licenses (for example) depending on the intensity of your use. This effectively lowers the cost of compilers and tools for workgroups. - Special upgrade prices will be offered. Q. I JUST WANT TO COMPILE AND RUN. I DON'T WRITE SOURCE AND I DON'T NEED A HIGHLY OPTIMIZED COMPILER. WHERE CAN I GET A FREE COMPILER? A. Cygnus Software of Palo Alto will provide a free gnu c compiler for SPARC. They plan to make this compiler available on Volume 4 of CDware due out in September 1992. This means that every SPARC system will ship with a free compiler on the CDware disk. This is a good solution for users who take source from the Internet and compile it for use at their sites. Cygnus also offers support for a fee. [Note that Cygnus is an independent company. For official confirmation of release dates and schedules, please contact Cygnus.] Q. WHY DOESN'T SUN PROVIDE A FREE COMPILER? A. Sun focuses resources on the needs of the professional developer. Our development priorities are driven towards compiler optimization, excellent edit/compile/debug tools, and group software productivity tools. The needs of casual C users who compile and run, rather than create, source code are best met by third-party products (such as Cygnus). Q. DO SOLARIS 2.0 BETA CUSTOMERS HAVE TO PAY FOR THE C COMPILER? A. No. Beta versions of the compilers and some beta tools will be included in the Solaris 2.0 beta release. You can get them from your Area Boss for Operation Commitment. Q. IS SOLARIS REALLY "OPEN" IF C ISN'T BUNDLED? A. Actually, bundling is the antithesis of open. By unbundling, Sun is opening up Solaris/SPARC to all compiler vendors. Customers get to choose the compiler that best fits their needs. Various compiler offerings will include: - Low-cost compilers - Fast incremental compilers - Highly optimized compilers - EZ programming environment compilers Q. HOW DOES UNBUNDLING REALLY BENEFIT CUSTOMERS? A. A quote from an independent source is probably the best reply: "Regarding the unbundling of the C compiler on Solaris 2.0, I am just surprised that people aren't yet viewing it as a chance to get compilers from *compiler* companies rather than being stuck with the Sun SPARC compilers (which are actually quite good). When DOS came without compilers vendors jumped in with their own, and the overall state of the software development improved dramatically because of the competition. Perhaps that's just what *is* needed for us to get better compilers and software development technologies. Besides, there's always gcc from the Free Software Foundation..." Dave Taylor SunWorld Magazine --------------------------------------------------------------------------- - UPCOMING EVENTS - --------------------------------------------------------------------------- *************************** *13* Tradeshow Calendar * *************************** Although Sun does not participate in all of the following shows, we present this comprehensive list of computer industry tradeshows for your planning purposes. If you know of other shows or events that would be of interest to our readers, please send your suggestions to the Sunergy staff (see the top banner of this newsletter for an email address). SHOW DATES (92) SHOW NAME LOCATION June 23-25 AFCEA Washington, DC June 23-25 AIIM Anaheim, CA June 29-July 1 SIA New York, NY July 14-16 Eng. Workstations Conf. Boston, MA July 28-30 SIGGRAPH Chicago, IL August 26-28 SunWorld Expo Tokyo, Japan September 8-11 AUUG Melbourne, Australia September 14-18 Unix Expo '92 Oslo, Norway September 22-24 Unix Expo New York, NY September 22-24 SunWorld Expo Birmingham, UK September 23-25 SunExpo Stockholm, Sweden September 23-25 Seybold Conf. San Francisco, CA ************************************************************************** If you'd like to join Sunergy, simply fill out and return the attached sign-up form. --------------------------------cut here---------------------------------- *****SUNERGY SIGN-UP FORM***** NAME:__________________________________________________________ Title:__________________________________________________________ COMPANY:__________________________________________________________ ADDRESS:__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ CITY:__________________ STATE:_______ ZIP/POSTAL CODE__________ COUNTRY:___________________________ PHONE:___________________________ FAX:_________________________ E-MAIL:___________________________ RETURN COMPLETED FORM TO: Sun Microsystems Computer Corporation Attn: Sunergy Support Center 2550 Garcia Avenue, M/S PAL1-505 Mountain View, CA 94043-1100 sunergy_information@Sun.COM 415/336-5847 ======================================================================== c 1992 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Solaris, SunOS, IPX, SunNet, PC-NFS, and CDware are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. All SPARC trademarks, including the SCD Compliant logo, are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. SPARCstation and SPARCworks are licensed exclusively to Sun Microsystems, Inc. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. UNIX and OPEN LOOK are registered trademarks of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc. All other product or service names mentioned herein are trademarks of their respective owners. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ For information send mail to info-sunflash@sunvice.East.Sun.COM. Subscription requests should be sent to sunflash-request@sunvice.East.Sun.COM. Archives are on solar.nova.edu, paris.cs.miami.edu, uunet.uu.net, src.doc.ic.ac.uk and ftp.adelaide.edu.au All prices, availability, and other statements relating to Sun or third party products are valid in the U.S. only. Please contact your local Sales Representative for details of pricing and product availability in your region. Descriptions of, or references to products or publications within SunFlash does not imply an endorsement of that product or publication by Sun Microsystems. John McLaughlin, SunFlash editor, flash@sunvice.East.Sun.COM. (305) 776-7770.