Internet Draft I. Miloucheva (Fraunhofer), I. Sterdiner Mayer (Netvision), P.A.Aranda Gutierrez (Telefonica), Ch. Chassot (CNRS-LAAS), S. Rao (TELSCOM), S. P. Romano (Universita' di Napoli), A. Flitzikowski (UAM), Ch. Brandauer (Salzburg Research) Expires: December 20, 2008 July 18, 2008 User centric QoS policy management for heterogeneous Internet environment draft-miloucheva-user-policy-00.txt Status of this Memo By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on December 20, 2008. Abstract This document presents a framework for user-centric Quality of Service (QoS) management in heterogeneous Internet environments (considering fixed, mobile and broadcast networks). The framework is based on dynamic business level QoS policy specification by different actors (such as users, operators and administrators), as well as hierarchical policy refinement and translation, supporting the automated configuration of QoS mechanisms at heterogeneous network and transport entities. Miloucheva Expires December 2008 [Page 1] INTERNET-DRAFT User-centric QoS policy management July 19, 2008 The hierarchical policy approach involves abstractions and mapping of policies described at business, unified, operational and configuration level considering networks with different capabilities and QoS requirements of different actors. The policy specification is dependent on the Service Level Agreements (SLAs) of the particular actors. This allows controlled and restricted usage of the network resources by the actors according to the actor dependencies and corresponding SLA rules. The policy management framework includes components for dynamic actor-based QoS policy specification, policy consistency check and dependency analysis regarding SLAs, automated policy provisioning and configuration at heterogeneous transport and network entities, policy monitoring and performance assessment, as well as automated adaptation of QoS mechanisms at operational level. Policy enforcement combined with policy monitoring and performance assessment is considered, as well as automated adaptation of policy parameters (e.g. operational policies) based on policy performance analysis. Interactions of components for policy specification and automated provisioning are based on policy repository storing the unified (intermediate) policy representations describing policy parameters, conditions and actions. Table of Contents 1. Introduction................................................ 3 2. Terminology used in this document........................... 4 3. QoS Policy framework for heterogeneous environment.......... 5 3.1. Actor and user-centric QoS policy specification ............ 5 3.2. Hierarchical policy mapping considering heterogeneous networks ................................................... 5 4. Dynamic and user centric QoS policy management for heterogeneous environment .................................. 7 4.1. Requirements for QoS policy management ..................... 7 4.2. Functions................................................... 8 4.2.1. Dynamic and user centric policy specification ............ 8 4.2.2. Automated policy adaptation and enforcement............... 9 4.2.3. Automated policy configuration............................ 9 4.2.4. Policy monitoring and assessment.......................... 10 4.3. NETQOS system prototype..................................... 10 4.4. Experiments................................................. 12 5. Conclusions ................................................ 13 6. References.................................................. 13 7. Author's Addresses.......................................... 15 8. Intellectual Property Statement............................. 16 9. Full Copyright Statement.................................... 16 Miloucheva Expires December 2008 [Page 2] INTERNET-DRAFT User-centric QoS policy management July 19, 2008 1. Introduction In this document, QOS policy framework is discussed, which is aimed at automated management of QoS mechanisms at transport and network level in heterogeneous IP networking environments considering business goals of users, service providers, and network operators. Design and implementation of the NETQOS system prototype is considered, developed in the European project NETQOS (www.ist-netqos.org) [1]. Design and implementation of the NETQOS architecture are discussed in [2], [3], [4], [5]. The QoS policy management framework is based on business policy specifications and hierarchical policy refinement used to support user centric preferences for QoS in heterogeneous Internet environment. The consideration of policies of different actors including users, as well as QoS goals for converged heterogeneous networks (mobile, fixed, broadcast, sensor) with their specific capabilities and QoS mechanisms, allows new business scenarios supporting enhanced QoS guarantees and optimised traffic allocation to specific networks. The QoS policy framework for heterogeneous Internet environment considers the current IETF standardisations, e.g. Policy Core Information Model (PCIM) [8], the Common Information Model (CIM) [9], QoS Policy Information Model (QPIM) [6] and QoS data path mechanisms [7]. The extension of the current state-of-the art is based on: - Hierarchical policy abstraction for provision of user-centric and SLA based QoS policy specifications of different actors aimed at control of applications in heterogeneous Internet environment; - Automated policy provisioning including functions for policy monitoring, assessment and adaptation. User centric business policies and models for heterogeneous Internet environment are aimed to enable the users to configure dynamically QoS mechanisms at transport and network entities according to their QoS and network preferences considering technology and vendor dependent capabilities of the entities. The framework allows the support of cost efficient resource usage in heterogeneous Internet environment, as well as enhanced QoS guarantees according to the business preferences of the particular actors. Dependent on the business QoS policies and SLAs of the actors, the QoS policy management architecture seeks to enhance the QoS provisioning and network efficiency for specific user applications based on adaptation of QoS mechanisms of heterogeneous transport and network entities. Miloucheva Expires December 2008 [Page 3] INTERNET-DRAFT User-centric QoS policy management July 19, 2008 The QoS policy framework for heterogeneous network environments derived from the NETQOS system [1], is characterised by: - Dynamic user centric and scenario oriented business level QoS policy specification considering dependencies of policies of different actors and SLAs; - Policy repository for storage of policy specifications and interaction of policy management functions; - Automated QoS policy provisioning including functions for policy adaptation, automated configuration, monitoring and assessment; - Hierarchical ontology based policy abstractions and mapping of business, intermediate, operational and configuration policies of the actors; - Policy configuration for heterogeneous Internet environment dependent on the capabilities of managed transport and network entities; - Policy monitoring and assessment mechanisms for signalling of policy adaptation requirements; - Automated adaptation of policy's QoS mechanisms and actions for enhanced QoS guarantees. 2. Terminology used in this document The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [14]. Abbreviations used in the following text: APM - Actor Preference Manager POLD - Policy Descriptor APA - Automated Policy Adaptor MoMe - Monitoring and Measurement NetAgent - Component for automated configuration of mechanisms at network devices TransAgent - Component for policy configuration of mechanisms at transport entities. CM - Context Manager monitoring tool interactions HQPIM - Heterogeneous networks QoS policy information model PCIM - Core Information Model QPIM - QoS Policy Information Model SLA - Service Level Agreement QoS - Quality of Service GUI - Graphical User Interface This Draft considers the terminology for Policy-based management [10] and extends it to specify QoS policy management framework and interaction for heterogeneous network environment. Miloucheva Expires December 2008 [Page 4] INTERNET-DRAFT User-centric QoS policy management July 19, 2008 Discussed framework is related the QoS policy information model for heterogeneous network environment (HQPIM) [2]. 3. QoS Policy framework for heterogeneous environment 3.1. Actor and user-centric QoS policy specification The user centric policy framework is based on dynamic specification and automated configuration of business level policies of different actors (such as end users, service provider and ISP operators). The policies are used by the actors to specify their specific preferences for QoS and resources in heterogeneous network environment considering SLAs and actors relationships [3]. Dependent on the specific QoS management scenario, preferences are defined, as for instance requirements for specific QoS guarantee level of applications at different networks, bandwidth reservation options [5], selection of QoS measurement facilities for applications and networks [2]. The policies of the actors are related to the SLA rules. The QoS mechanisms and parameters defined by the policies of different actors can be restricted by the actor's dependencies and SLAs constraints. For instance, the specific amount of bandwidth, which can be allocated to the user, can be specified as policy of network operators and end users. The SLA rules specify generic requirements for the user policy mechanisms and parameters, such as network resource access permissions and QoS parameter thresholds. The semantic of the SLA?s objectives and the policy rules can be presented in consistent way using ontology approaches, such as OWL [11] and SWRL [12]. The ontology can be used also to relate the information on objects and identities related to the policy and SLA specification [3], [4]. Ontology based descriptions of the SLA rules and business level policy allow interoperable interfaces and automated consistency check. 3.2. Hierarchical policy mapping considering heterogeneous networks The QoS policies for management QoS of application in converged Internet infrastructures according the preferences of specific actors are defined in a hierarchical way considering abstraction levels: - Business (high-level or actor-oriented policies), - Intermediate QoS policies (unified policy presentations), - Operational (technology dependent QoS mechanisms of managed entities), - Configuration (vendor and system oriented QoS mechanisms of managed entities). Miloucheva Expires December 2008 [Page 5] INTERNET-DRAFT User-centric QoS policy management July 19, 2008 The policies are mapped between the different levels using expert's descriptions and procedures, which depend on the policy content. The concept of the policy hierarchy and policy management for flexible policy provisioning is shown in fig.1: Policy Hierarchy Policy management +-----------------+ ! Business policy ! ................. policy specification +-----------------+ ! v +---------------------+ ! Intermediate policy ! ................ policy repository +---------------------+ (common access for ! ! policy management tools) v v +-------------+ +-------------+ ! Operational ! ! Operational ! ........ policy adaptation ! policy ! ! policy ! (enforcement +-------------+ +-------------+ of operational policies ! ! for managed entities) v v +---------------+ +--------------+ ! Configuration ! !Configuration ! ..... configuration of QoS ! policy ! ! policy ! mechanisms +---------------+ +--------------+ at managed entities Fig. 1: Hiearchical policy mapping and management tasks The QoS policies on business level are concise specifications of the QoS goals of the particular actors and are related to the SLA objectives. The internal presentation of the business policies is structured based on generic and specific policy part: - The generic part describes basic information about policy identification, related SLAs, actor identifier, the network context, service and policy type. - The structure of the specific part depends on the policy type and includes parameters, conditions and actions specifying the specific policy requirements, for instance delay, bandwidth, packet loss, or measurement requirements. The business policies are transformed to the unified (intermediate) policy presentation. QoS specifications at the intermediate level identify in unified way QoS facilities and mechanisms (for instance defined by ITU-T X.641 [13]). Intermediate policies are based on a unified presentation of QoS mechanisms and parameters using "condition and action" paradigm (see, RFC 3644 [6]) and QoS policy information model for heterogeneous networks [2]. Miloucheva Expires December 2008 [Page 6] INTERNET-DRAFT User-centric QoS policy management July 19, 2008 The intermediate policy representation includes policy identification and type, QoS request and time requirements, as well as references to ontology information for entities, SLA and actor descriptions, as well as descriptions of policy conditions, actions and parameters. Intermediate QoS policies express the required QoS level for application classes (VoIP, IPTV, audio streaming, gaming, bulk data transfer) and network preferences independent on the particular QoS technology integrated at the managed entities. The automated policy configuration is based on the translation of the intermediate policies into operational QoS parameters and mechanisms of the managed entities (routers, transport protocol and application entities). The operational policies can be aimed to specify QoS mechanisms for control the treatment of the packets to/from the end-user dependent on the application class (content delivery, streaming, Voice over IP ). Operational policies can be can be expressed by XACML (eXtensible Access Control Markup Language) [16], and applied for different kind of heterogeneous devices (routers and/or Transport level entities). An operational policy can define for instance handling of user traffic at particular router based on DiffServ technology, specifying the DSCP-field (RFC 2474 [15]) for the user application. Based on DSCP processing at the routers, traffic can be assigned to a particular service class with specific priority. Dependant on the managed entity capabilities (for instance router architecture), the operational policies are transformed into configuration policies, i.e. CLI (Command Line Interface) batches of commands for the corresponding system (Cisco, Juniper or Linux). 4. Dynamic user centric QoS policy management for heterogeneous environment 4.1. Requirements for QoS policy management QoS management of Internet applications in converged Internet environments require dynamic and user-centric management strategies for handling of the application traffic considering the specific preferences of different actors, actor's profile, SLAs and the context. Dynamic policy management allows that policy actors are able to define and change dynamically the business policies specifying the QoS level and network preferences of their applications. The QoS policy framework should support controlled usage of the network resources in Internet according to the contracted agreements for usage services and resources, e.g. SLAs restrictions and the dependencies of the policies of the actors. Miloucheva Expires December 2008 [Page 7] INTERNET-DRAFT User-centric QoS policy management July 19, 2008 Automated provisioning of the actor's policies is based on mapping of business QoS policy requirements to the specific QoS mechanisms and capabilities of managed transport, network and application entities in heterogeneous environments. To provide mapping of business QoS requirements to specific mechanisms of managed entities, hierarchical policy abstractions are needed, which consider technology dependent QoS mechanisms of heterogeneous entities and their effects on the QoS experience of the user. For the refinement of policies between different layers, the expertise of the network administrators and operators is used. Further requirements concern the autonomous policy management design involving: - Actor based QoS requirements dependent on the profile (identity) of the actors and related SLAs, - Policy consistency check considering dependencies of policies of different actors and SLAs, - Automated configuration of QoS mechanisms at application, transport and network entities based on operational policy requirements, - Adaptation of policy parameters for enhanced guarantees, - Policy assessment, monitoring and context learning for policy performance improvement. 4.2. Functions The user-centric dynamic QoS policy management in heterogeneous network environment include interoperable functions and facilities aimed at flexible and consistent business QoS policy specification of actors according SLAs, automated QoS policy assessment, configuration and adaptation for optimised QoS guarantees. Functions are based on unified (intermediate) policy information stored in a repository and grouped in the following main tasks: - User-centric dynamic policy specification and storage of policies; - Automated policy adaptation and enforcement. - Automated policy configuration; - Policy monitoring and assessment; The tasks for automated policy enforcement, configuration, monitoring, assessment and adaptation are referred as policy provisioning. Policy abstraction and mapping from business level to intermediate, operational and configuration level policies is used in order to support the technology and vendor dependent configuration of QoS mechanisms. 4.2.1. User-centric dynamic policy specification Flexible and consistent specification of user-centric business preferences for QoS management of their applications in heterogeneous Internet environment considers the SLAs restrictions and actors dependencies. Miloucheva Expires December 2008 [Page 8] INTERNET-DRAFT User-centric QoS policy management July 19, 2008 Actor specific policy specification interfaces allow automated translation of dynamically specified requirements and preferences (e.g. business level policies) into intermediate (unified) policies, which are stored in common policy repository and can be accessed by the functions for automated policy provisioning. The "on demand" user policy specification is restricted by the particular SLA and dependencies of the actor's policies. To allow automated policy translation and consistency check, the policies, SLAs and entities are specified using ontologies [3]. Dependent on the QoS management goals of the actors, the SLAs and the particular scenario, different business level QoS policy types for heterogeneous network environment are considered. Dynamic QoS policy specification is actor and scenario based. The actor and scenario oriented policy specification interfaces allow for different kind of users, such as mobile and fixed users, dependent on their profile to store dynamically policies in the common policy repository. The common policy repository for unified (intermediate policies) allows: - Access to policies and check of their dependencies considering different actors and corresponding SLAs. - Interaction of the functions for automated policy provisioning using common and consistent policy definitions; - Interoperation of policy management and identity management facilities. The QoS policy management strategy based on translation of business policy specifications into unified policy repository, accessed by the QoS provisioning functions, reduces the QoS management overhead especially for mobile applications, for instance in case of handover and roaming. 4.2.2. Automated policy adaptation and enforcement The automated policy adaptation includes functions for - Mapping of intermediate to operational policies; - Adaptation of operation policies and their mechanisms considering policy assessment results; - Enforcement of operational policy configuration based on triggering of corresponding configuration agents at managed transport and network entities. The unified policy presentations in the repository are translated into operational policies considering hierarchical policy mapping specifications, SLAs and actor policy dependencies, as well as monitoring and network context. Operational policies define user-centric QoS mechanisms, for instance bandwidth allocation request for user's applications, specification of the QoS class for the user's flow, appropriate composition of transport functions. Miloucheva Expires December 2008 [Page 9] INTERNET-DRAFT User-centric QoS policy management July 19, 2008 The methods for the enforcement of the operational policies can be: - Application driven. In this case the enforcement is performed, when the policy controlled application of the particular actors (user) is detected (launched); - Triggered by the policy specification functions. In this case, the policy enforcement is done, when the intermediate policy for specific actor's application is stored in the repository. The efficiency considerations for the policy enforcement method depend on the policy content and usage of the policy controlled application. 4.2.3. Automated policy configuration The automated policy configuration functions are invoked by the policy adaptation facilities, whenever an operational policy is enforced. Dependent on the managed entity, appropriate configuration agents are used for policy configuration at the transport and network entities. The configuration agents translate the operational policy into technology and vendor dependent QoS mechanisms taking into account the specific capabilities of the heterogeneous entities. 4.2.4. Policy monitoring and assessment Automated QoS policy monitoring and assessment is aimed to: - evaluate the policy performance based on measurements and other techniques, as well as - to signal the policy performance degradations, based on which the policy adaptation functions can adapt the parameters of the operational policies. The policy monitoring functions are invoked, when the policy is enforced. Based on the unified policy specification in the repository, the policy monitoring and assessment function configure appropriate actions for policy performance evaluation. Policy monitoring actions includes execution of measurement scenarios based on active and passive measurements, learning techniques, as well as modelling and prediction of context data (e.g. patterns and events). 4.3. NETQOS system prototype The components and interactions for automated actor oriented policy specification and provisioning in heterogeneous network environment are described considering the NETQOS architecture [1]. The architecture is based on autonomous concepts and ontology oriented framework for interoperable and consistent policy specification and provisioning [4]. Miloucheva Expires December 2008 [Page 10] INTERNET-DRAFT User-centric QoS policy management July 19, 2008 The components for automated QoS specification and provisioning include; - Actor Preference Manager (APM) for actor and scenario oriented business level QoS policy specification; - Policy Description and Management (POLD) allowing unified policy access / storage; - Automated Policy Adaptor (APA) for policy decision, enforcement and adaptation; - Monitoring and Measurement (MoMe) for policy performance analysis and assessment of policy performance; - NetAgent and TransAgent for policy configuration at the managed entities, such as router or transport protocols, considering their particular capabilities; - Context Manager for control of interactions between different policy management components. The interoperation of the components is based on common policy repository for unified (intermediate) policy specifications. Ontology is used for policy specification and translation of business policies to intermediate, operation and configuration level specifications. The components, integrated in the NETQoS system prototype for QoS policy management in heterogeneous network environment, and their generic interactions are illustrated in fig. 2: Policy monitoring Management & assessment of of enforced policies interactions +--------+ |-------------| | MoMe |<--------- | CM | +--------+ |-------------| | | v v +------+ +-------+ +-------------+ Policy decision, +-------->| APM | --->| POLD |<---> | APA | adaptation, actor's +------+ +-------+ +-------------+ enforcement business | | | (operational QoS | | | policy) policies | | | interface Storage v Access | | +---------------------+ +------+ +----------+ | policy repository | | Net | | Transport| | (unified policies) | |Agent | | Agent | | policy translation | +------+ +----------+ +---------------------+ Configuration of operational policies at heterogeneous entities Fig.2: Interactions of NETQOS system components for dynamic QoS policy provisioning Miloucheva Expires December 2008 [Page 11] INTERNET-DRAFT User-centric QoS policy management Juni 2008 At the business level, QoS policies are entered dynamically by the actors using APM GUIs, which are designed considering the role, knowledge and expertise of the particular actors (operator, user, customer). The business level QoS requirements of the actors are checked by APM GUIs for consistency using the ontology descriptions. internal business level policy descriptions are generated. For the automated provisioning, business level policies are translated (refined) into intermediate (unified) QoS policy abstractions stored in the repository. The access to the policy repository is performed by the POLD component. POLD functions translate and store the business policies of the actors as intermediate (unified) QoS policies in the repository. When the policy enforcement is required (by launching of the actor's policy controlled application), the APA (Automated Policy Adaptor) component obtains the intermediate policies dealing with the application from the repository using POLD and transforms them into operational policies (represented as XACML messages). The operational policies are defined for managed entities and allow the mapping of the unified policy requirements to the specific QoS mechanisms of the managed heterogeneous entities (routers, services protocols). The Transport and Network Agents, which are invoked by APA, receive the operational policies and enforcement instructions for automated configuration considering the specific capabilities of the transport and network entities. When the operational policy is enforced, the MoMe component for evaluation of policy performance and detection of policy degradation is automatically triggered. MoMe can detect specific events related to the policy (i.e. congestion, overloaded connection, etc.), and send signalling message to the APA components for adaptation of operational QoS policy mechanisms. 4.4. Experiments Using the NETQOS system prototype, following scenarios are studied in trial experiments [17]: 1. User-centric and dynamic Business QoS policy specification. The focus here was to demonstrate dynamic specification and translation of user's preferences for QoS of streaming video application considering different networks, as well as consistency check of business level policies considering SLAs and policies of other actors. The scenario has shown the benefits of the ontology-oriented policy specification using the actor and scenario oriented GUI, as well as efficient methods for translation of the user's business QoS policies to the intermediate unified policy presentations in the common policy repository. Miloucheva Expires December 2008 [Page 12] INTERNET-DRAFT User-centric QoS policy management July 19, 2008 2.Policy provisioning driven by an application launch. This scenario was aimed to show the automated policy provisioning actions, which are required in order to configure automatically an intermediate policy, stored already in the repository, when the user's application, controlled by the policy is launched. The provisioning actions, which was demonstrated, are: - Translation of intermediate policy into operational policy considering DiffServ QoS mechanisms [15], - Policy enforcement and triggering of the corresponding network and transport configuration Agents; - Automated policy configuration by mapping of operational policies to concrete configuration policies dependent on capabilities of the routers; - Activation of policy monitoring and measurement functions. 3. Automated policy adaptation triggered by policy monitoring actions In this scenario, the policy monitoring and measurement (MoMe) component was used to detect degradation of the policy performance considering the intermediate level policy specification. Based on MoMe signalling about the performance problem of the streaming video quality, the adaptation of the operational policy mechanisms for the corresponding intermediate policy was triggered by APA. As result, the network agent could configure new QoS policy at the routers using the DSCP-field for the user application traffic. 5. Conclusions and Further Work QoS policy framework for dynamic and user-centric QoS management in heterogeneous network environment derived from the NETQOS actor-based QoS management architecture [1], [2], [3], [4] was presented. The main focus was the hierarchical QoS policy abstraction considering mapping of business to intermediate (unified), operational and configuration policies for specification and configuration of QoS mechanisms. Unified common policy repository for dynamic QoS policy specification and automated QoS policy provisioning dependent on SLAs was discussed. Components and interactions for flexible QoS policy specification and automated provisioning including policy adaptation, configuration and monitoring for optimised QoS guarantees were identified. Currently, there is a need for more experience with the developed NETQOS prototype and prototype enhancement for further policy scenarios in heterogeneous Internet[17]. Further work is aimed to study QoS policy management scenarios for applications considering user location. Miloucheva Expires December 2008 [Page 13] INTERNET-DRAFT User-centric QoS policy management July 19, 2008 The specified framework will be extended to define interoperation of QoS policy and identity management facilities for heterogeneous Internet with special focus of relationships of different kind of actors. 6. References [1] EU IST project, Policy Based Management of Heterogeneous Networks for Guaranteed QoS (NETQOS), www.ist-netqos.org. [2] P.A.Aranda Gutierrez, I. Miloucheva,Ch. Chassot, K. Drira, A. Flitzikowski, Ch. Brandauer, S. Romano, S. Rao, QoS policies for heterogeneous access network environment, draft-paag-qos-policy-00.txt, Internet Draft, Work in Progress, February 2007 [3] I. Miloucheva, D. Wagner, Ch. Niephaus, ?User centric QoS policy management for heterogeneous Internet environment?, ICT-Mobile Summit, Stockholm, Sweden, June, 2008. [4] I.Miloucheva, D.Wagner, P.A.A.Gutierrez, ?Architecture for dynamic management of QoS policies for heterogeneous Internet environments?, Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services and Technologies (NGMAST), Cardiff, Wales, UK, September, 2007. [5] D. Hetzer, I. Miloucheva, K.l Jonas, ?Policy based resource management for QoS aware applications in heterogeneous network environments?, International Conference on Communications and Networking (CHINACOM), Shanghai , China , August 22-24, 2007. [6] Y. Snir, Y. Ramberg, J. Strassner, R. Cohen, B. Moore, ?Policy Quality of Service Information Model?, RFC 3644, Nov. 2003. [7] B. Moore, D. Durham, J. Strassner, A. Westerinen, W. Weiss, ?Information Model for Describing Network Device QoS Datapath Mechanisms?, RFC 3670, January 2004. [8] B. Moore, E. Elleson, J. Strassner, A. Westerinen, ?Policy Core Information Model-Version 1 Specification?, RFC 3060, Febr.2001. [9] B. Moore, Policy Core Information Model (PCIM) Extensions, RFC 3460, January 2003. [10] A. Westerinen, J. Schnizlein, J. Strassner, M. Scherling, R. Quinn, S. Herzog, A. Huynh, M. Carlson, J. Perry, J. and M. Waldbusser, ?Terminology for Policy-based Management?, IETF RFC 3198, November 2001. [11] OWL Web Ontology Language Semantics and Abstract Syntax, http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/ . Miloucheva Expires December 2008 [Page 14] INTERNET-DRAFT User-centric QoS policy management July 19, 2008 [12] SWRL: A Semantic Web Rule Language Combining OWL and RuleML, W3C, http://www.w3.org/Submission/SWRL/. [13] ITU-T Recommendation X.641, Series X: Data Networks and Open System Communication, OSI networking and system aspects ? Quality of Service: Framework, 12, 1997. [14] S. Bradner, "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [15] K. Nichols, S. Blake, F. Baker, D. Black, Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers, RFC 2474, December 1998. [16] OASIS eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) TC, XACML 2.0 Specification Set, XACML 3.0 Work in Progress. [17] EU IST NETQOS project, Deliverable 3.3, Trials execution, www.ist-netqos.org 7. Author's Addresses Ilka Miloucheva Fraunhofer Institute, SATCOM FOKUS,Schloss Birlinghoven 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany Phone: +49-2241-14-3471 Email: ilka.miloucheva@fokus.fraunhofer.de Irit Sterdiner Mayer Netvision, Herzeliya, Israel Phone: 09-9551207 Email: ibuma@netvision.net.il P.A Aranda Gutierrez Telefonica, Investigacion y Desarrollo, S.A.U. C/Emilio Vargas,6, ES-28034 Madrid, Spain Phone: +34-91-337-4702 Email: paag@tid.es Adam Flizikowski Adam Mickiewicz University (UAM), Department of Applied Informatics ul.Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznan, Poland Phone: +48-505-086-892 Email: adamf@amu.edu.pl Christophe CHASSOT INSA/DGEI - LAAS/OLC, LAAS/CNRS 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, 31077 Toulouse cedex 04 Phone: 05 61 33 78 16 Email: chassot@laas.fr - Bureau 41 Email : chassot@insa-toulouse.fr Miloucheva Expires December 2008 [Page 15] INTERNET-DRAFT User-centric QoS policy management July 19, 2008 Sathya Rao TELSCOM Company, Bern, Switzerland Phone: 0041 31 3762033 Email: rao@telscom.ch Simon P. Romano Universita' di Napoli Federico II Computer Science Department, Napoli, Italy Phone: +39 081 7683823 e-mail: spromano@unina.it Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008). 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The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-ipr@ietf.org. Miloucheva Expires December 2008 [Page 17] INTERNET-DRAFT User-centric QoS policy management July 19, 2008